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Linux全局变量jiffies的用法

中国黑防联盟 电脑使用教程 2024-04-28 22:23:27 0
  jiffies是Linux系统中的全局变量,与时间有关,那么jiffies变量具体有哪些作用呢?下面小编就给大家介绍下Linux全局变量jiffies的用法,感兴趣的朋友不妨来了解下吧。  Linux全局变量jiffies的用法   系统运行时间以秒为单位,等于jiffies/Hz。   注意,jiffies类型为无符号长整型(unsigned long),其他任何类型存放它都不正确。   将以秒为单位的时间转化为jiffies:   seconds * Hz   将jiffies转化为以秒为单位的时间:   jiffies / Hz   相比之下,内核中将秒转换为jiffies用的多些。   jiffies的内部表示   jiffies定义于文件中:   /*   * The 64-bit value is not atomic - you MUST NOT read it   * without sampling the sequence number in xtime_lock.   * get_jiffies_64() will do this for you as appropriate.   */   extern u64 __jiffy_data jiffies_64;   extern unsigned long volatile __jiffy_data jiffies;   ld(1)脚本用于连接主内核映像(在x86上位于arch/i386/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S中),然后用jiffies_64变量的初值覆盖jiffies变量。因此jiffies取整个jiffies_64变量的低32位。   访问jiffies的代码只会读取jiffies_64的低32位,通过get_jiffies_64()函数就可以读取整个64位的值。在64位体系结构上,jiffies_64和jiffies指的是同一个变量。   #if (BITS_PER_LONG 《 64)   u64 get_jiffies_64(void);   #else   static inline u64 get_jiffies_64(void)   {   return (u64)jiffies;   }   #endif   在中   #if (BITS_PER_LONG 《 64)   u64 get_jiffies_64(void)   {   unsigned long seq;   u64 ret;   do {   seq = read_seqbegin(&xtime_lock);   ret = jiffies_64;   } while (read_seqretry(&xtime_lock, seq));   return ret;   }   jiffies的回绕wrap around   当jiffies的值超过它的最大存放范围后就会发生溢出。对于32位无符号长整型,最大取值为(2^32)-1,即429496795。如果节拍计数达到了最大值后还要继续增加,它的值就会回绕到0。   内核提供了四个宏来帮助比较节拍计数,它们能正确的处理节拍计数回绕的问题:   /*   * These inlines deal with timer wrapping correctly. You are   * strongly encouraged to use them   * 1. Because people otherwise forget   * 2. Because if the timer wrap changes in future you won‘t have to   * alter your driver code.   *   * time_after(a,b) returns true if the time a is after time b.   *   * Do this with “《0” and “》=0” to only test the sign of the result. A   * good compiler would generate better code (and a really good compiler   * wouldn’t care)。 Gcc is currently neither.   */   #define time_after(a,b) /   (typecheck(unsigned long, a) && /   typecheck(unsigned long, b) && /   ((long)(b) - (long)(a) 《 0))   #define time_before(a,b) time_after(b,a)   #define time_after_eq(a,b) /   (typecheck(unsigned long, a) && /   typecheck(unsigned long, b) && /   ((long)(a) - (long)(b) 》= 0))   #define time_before_eq(a,b) time_after_eq(b,a)   /* Same as above, but does so with platform independent 64bit types.   * These must be used when utilizing jiffies_64 (i.e. return value of   * get_jiffies_64() */   #define time_after64(a,b) /   (typecheck(__u64, a) && /   typecheck(__u64, b) && /   ((__s64)(b) - (__s64)(a) 《 0))   #define time_before64(a,b) time_after64(b,a)   #define time_after_eq64(a,b) /   (typecheck(__u64, a) && /   typecheck(__u64, b) && /   ((__s64)(a) - (__s64)(b) 》= 0))   #define time_before_eq64(a,b) time_after_eq64(b,a)   用户空间和HZ